Up in Arms About Selenium Testing Resume?

Up in Arms About Selenium Testing Resume? Intensive information is vital. Moreover, because a new page isnt returned every moment, its challenging to understand every time a server request has finished. Its possible to download the mock RIA application utilized for the demonstration at any moment. Although our application only shows one particular section at one time, a bigger application could show a number of sections simultaneously. For instance, when a user logs in with invalid credentials, you will likely display an error on the monitor. Based on the sort of application, the range of keywords will be increased to take care of unique functionalities. It is also helpful in identifying the dynamic elements. The system addresses the maintenance ofstock details with different master data files storing information about theitems, order information and supplier details. Top Choices of Selenium Testing Resume The perfect one, on the flip side, shows skills pertinent to an e xcellent tester role and uses numbers. Dont despair if change career resume examples appear to be bedrngnis working as it is extremely possible that youll need some expert assistance whos a specialist in the area. This way its possible to make certain that it is genuinely relevant for the sort of job youre applying for, and your abilities and experience will be placed in the very best light possible. It isnt important to list each and every job that youve stated before, especially if its not applicable to the present location or company youre concentrating on. The Number One Question You Must Ask for Selenium Testing Resume The below are the few key terms that are used commonly in the internet applications. There are a lot of tools you may utilize to automate testing of the browser. Do just a small research on the internet and you also may observe a whole lot of such apps. Youre able to run the exact tests on all different browser configurations or run unique tests all on th e exact same browser configuration. Thus, you dont run an opportunity of becoming unemployed. rahmen goals for yourself that can be achieved on a daily or weekly basis is a terrific method to make the most of your productivity. You need to be able to work out some achievements. If youve worked on a project for quite a while then definitely you must have achieved few things by doing your responsibilities. Selenium Testing Resume Options You also ought to know how to construct an automation framework that could support creating tests which are not so fragile they constantly break. The company logic was designed in java Servlets that communicated against the websites using JSP to find the info. Be certain that you will also have the coding tools you should do it effectively. Automation tools or scripting isnt utilised in the procedure. The Downside Risk of Selenium Testing Resume Testing is a significant portion of releasing quality computer software. Nursing clinics and g rade of Australia is among the biggest in the world. 1 alternative is to run every one of your tests as a piece of one, large test suite. Developing test data depending on the requirements in a timely method. Theres no denying that selenium has become the most in-demand option so far as automation computer software testing is concerned. Besant Technologies is among the Best Selenium training institutes in Chennai. Means, it is dependent on what task you have to do or you need to execute. Therefore among the ideal testing training courses is given at Zuan Education. Individual training is a training thats individualized to take under consideration the differences between learners. Very good documentation abilities. Why Almost Everything Youve Learned About Selenium Testing Resume Is Wrong At exactly the same time, automated testing can be done quickly with the assistance of special software testing programs. The aim of any project is to find a high-quality output when con trolling the value and the time needed for completing the undertaking. Training applications endure upto six months, and youll want to find a certificate evaluation after you complete the schedule. Applicant tracking systems are like testing suites. As an example, in the event you ought to be an Accounts Assistant, then you dont have to say that you wash up the pantry to your own moment. For example, you might try sending out a definite number of resumes each week. As you begin accumulating tests, however, you might discover that this setup consumes an excessive amount of moment. You are able to also move up from a test result in a test manager. If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Selenium Testing Resume For professional positive aspects, you can also learn selenium. If you speak about the advantages youve brought to an organization it is possible to give a proof you have initiative. The function of the program is to offer trainee or student a true world experience and abilities in academic atmosphere. Every loss as well as the challenges connected with them desire to go honored and admired. Theres no need to fill application form in the event youre paying online. Try to remember that your resume is your very first line of defense in regards to landing your ideal job. At the start of the employment cover letter youve got to spell out which job youre applying for. At the close of the training you are going to be able to automate any web based application of your own and ought to have the ability to work on live projects. Selenium Testing Resume - Overview If youre an expert program QA tester searching for a new job, have a look at this sample resume template to find out how you can best market your credentials. Youre going to write the very best QC or QA resume they could possibly get. Though you dont have a QA experience, youve got experience relevantto QAthats what you need to show them.

Free Entry Level Probation Officer Resume Template

Free Entry Level Probation Officer Resume TemplateFree Entry Level Probation Officer Resume TemplateAs you enter into an industry, it is critical that you have a proper resume. The right resume can help you to stand out as a viable candidate and gain an invitation for an interview. Some individuals may not realize how much the style of a resume can affect how it is perceived. An entry level resume helps to highlight the skills and abilities of individuals with minimal to no experience in a given field or standort. In order to gain a deeper understanding, review this example entry level probation officer resume template, along with the given resume writing tips.Create ResumeCustomize ResumeWhat to Include in an Entry Level Probation Officer ResumeAn entry level probation officer resume should focus on the candidates applicable skills, education, abilities and experience. Even if the experience is not directly related to the position applied for, there are usually transferable skills t hat individuals may use in the position at hand. Those factors should be highlighted in one of the appropriate sections summary, highlights, experience and education. Any distinguishing awards, acknowledgements or achievements should be emphasized as well.Common Resume Fails Mistakes to AvoidOmitting Information You should not omit any sections from your resume. This could make it appear as if you are trying to hide something.Rambling On On the other hand, do not try to overcompensate by talking about certain factors in too much detail. Keep your points as detailed and concise as possible.Lying You should never lie on your resume. If you are caught, it can diminish your chances of being selected, and many hiring managers are able to spot untruths.Grammatical Errors Such errors can make you appear unprofessional. To avoid this, double check your resume after you have written it. It may help to step away from it for a while so that you may review it with fresh eyes. You may also consi der having someone else edit it for you.Resume Content Jorge Martinez 347 Oak Ridge Circle, Augusta, GA 11111 555.664.9845 jmartinez62anymail.com Summary Recent Criminal Justice graduate with experience in the field. Possessing strong management and administrative abilities. Noted for exceptional problem solving and communication skills. Seeking to jumpstart new career with a reputable organization. Highlights Aid in monitoring the progress of various clients and institute adjustments when necessaryAssist parolees in securing jobs and other necessary resources to transition into civilian lifeCompile and analyze a variety of court reportsEffectively communicate with parolees, fellow parole officers and representatives of the court Stay abreast of and implement State regulations and voreingestellt operation procedures of the facilityApply strong problem solving skills in different situationsPublic relations skillsProficient in Microsoft Office SuiteExperience Probation Officer Assist ant 6/1/2015 Present Community Corrections Facility Augusta, GA Gather file information and present parole candidates to parole officersCompile and deliver necessary documents to the courtsAssist with the supervision of various paroleesInput and maintain case data on all parolees assigned to the officers of the companyCultivate strong relationships with other probation offices and criminal justice agencies Store Manager 1/1/2013 5/1/2015 ABC Unlimited Augusta, GA Managed the daily operations of the clothing store while managing a team of eight employeesTrained new employees on store procedures, resulting in enhanced productivityFacilitated daily team meetings to build morale and discuss daily goalsResolved client and employee issues using strong problem solving skillsInterviewed job candidates and presented hiring recommendations to the district managerMaintained a working knowledge of all HR policies and procedures to implement in storeTracked store inventory to ensure it remai ned stocked Education Bachelor of Science in Criminal JusticeUniversity of Georgia, Athens, GA

Develop Your Companys Managers Successfully

Develop Your Companys Managers SuccessfullyDevelop Your Companys Managers SuccessfullyManagement development is the overall concept that describes the many ways in which organizations help employees develop their personal and organizational skills, either as managers in a management job or with an eventual management job in mind. Organizations need a process for developing the skills of their managers as these employees direct and organize the work of all of your other employees. Additionally, if you want to retain your best managers and potential managers, most significant among ?their needs from work is the opportunity to continue their personal and professional growth and the growth of their careers. When employees think of management development, they are likely to think about university classes and master of business administration programs, consultant-led external training, and attendance at conferences, trade shows, workshops, and seminars. These are frequent ways in which emp loyers invest time and money in developing their managers. Most Management Development Does Not Involve External Class Attendance However, most management development does leid involve outside classes or professional trainers. It involves the employees daily work, skill stretching assignments, leadership roles played, mentoring by a more senior manager, cross-training, and other developmental opportunities on-the-job. Building the skills of managers through management development options is critical to the effective functioning of your organization. It is because of the power of a manager to impact the organization through his or her oversight of the work of other employees. Especially middle managersare expected to communicate the company direction, goals, and vision to their reporting employees. Only comfortable business communicators are likely to perform their needed communication tasks effectively. Senior company leaders depend on their communication because these senior le aders cant easily communicate with every employee themselves. It is not surprising that the managers in your workplace are the single most important factor in employee engagement, employee motivation, and building a productive workplace. Managers are the key to employee retention, and the main reason employees cite when they leave their current employer. So, the need for management development is significant and can provide a significant payback. Internal Management Development Advantages Internal management development has advantages over external seminars and classes. It presents and reinforces needed skills and management techniques. It speaks a common language that people in your organization will understand - and gives them a common language that they can use with each other. Internal management development is presented around your challenges and problems, so it is customized for the people who attend. It is offered on your terms at your preferred times and your preferred length. Internal management development reinforces the organizations culture and addresses the norms and expectations of the managers workplace. It incorporates familiar workplace examples and reinforces desired organization direction, values, and goals. Internal management development also reinforces the application of the skills learned in training back in the workplace. This significant ability to do the activities needed for training transfer to the workplace before, during, and after the training is all the justification you need to offer internal management development. It can require weekly assignments, reading, and on-the-job training. Employees can work together in study groups outside of the actual training. You can also provide management development training as part of an ongoing, regularly-scheduled management meeting. Options An employers training options are widespread and encompass many possibilities. Management development can include such external opportunities as university classes, seminars, workshops, courses, conferences, and field trips. Employers can assist employees to pursue these options by paying for classes and seminars. They can also offertuition assistance to employees attending college or university classes and who plan to earn a degree. Internal management development options abound and can include the following opportunities for employees growth and ongoing development. Employee trainingEmployee career pathsCoachingMentoringJob rotationPromotionsPerformance management and developmentSuccession planning Content These are the areas of content that management development training, either internal or external, should contain for your organization to function effectively. Your managers will benefit as will their reporting staff membersand the organization as a whole. In addition to skill development, management development is also an opportunity to teach your organization culture. The norms, rules, and expectations in your workplace are uniquely yours. Even experienced managers will benefit from training reminders in the expectations of your workplace culture and policies. The focus of all aspects of management development is to enable managers to accomplish their job as managers more effectively. Dont miss your opportunity to have an impact on one of your most critical resources. Your middle managers are the spokes that hold the wheel of your organization together. Help them become the best that they can be.

This is what is actually in your favorite types of candy

This is what is actually in your favorite types of candy This is what is actually in your favorite types of candy When your sweet tooth strikes, few things can soothe it as well as a piece of your favorite candy. Regardless of whether you’re a chocolate fan or you always reach for the fruity treats, one thing is for certain: you’re giving your body a hefty dose of sugar along with some ingredients you probably don’t expect. Find your top candy pick below and discover what surprises lie ahead of you. (Sorry in advance if we ruin any illusions you have that candy isn’t  that  bad for you.)Follow Ladders on Flipboard!Follow Ladders’ magazines on Flipboard covering Happiness, Productivity, Job Satisfaction, Neuroscience, and more!MMsThe first ingredient in these little chocolate candies is,  phew, milk chocolate. (The milk chocolate is comprised of sugar, chocolate, skim milk, cocoa butter, lactose, milkfat, a food additive called soy lecithin, salt and artificial flavor.) Then you add more sugar and cornstarch to get those crunchy, colorful coatings. Finally, MMs contain less than 1 perce nt of corn syrup (boo), a thickening agent called dextrin, a whole bunch of artificial dyes to create the rainbow you see inside the bag and gum acacia, which is a common stabilizer, emulsifier and thickening agent used in the food industry.SkittlesSorry, Skittles lovers. Your first ingredient is sugar, followed by corn syrup (ick), followed by hydrogenated palm kernel oil (double ick). Then there’s less than 2 percent of citric acid (a natural preservative), tapioca dextrin (a hydrolyzed starch that adds crispness), modified corn starch, natural and artificial flavors, a handful of food dyes, a sour food additive called sodium citrate and carnauba wax for that shiny glaze.TwixThe first ingredient of this crunchy, chewy treat is milk chocolate. (The milk chocolate contains sugar, cocoa butter, chocolate, skim milk, lactose, milkfat, soy lecithin, an emulsifier called polyglycerol polyricinoleate and artificial flavors.) Then comes the sugar and enriched wheat flour, which includes wheat flour, niacin, reduced iron, thiamine mononitrate, riboflavin  and  folic acid. We also have palm  oil (meh), corn syrup (meh again), skim milk and a sweetener called dextrose. Twix then contains less than 2 percent of modified food starch, salt, cocoa powder, baking soda, soy lecithin  and  artificial flavor.StarburstSadly, the first ingredient in Starburst is corn syrup, followed by sugar and hydrogenated palm kernel oil. (We’re already off to a rough start here.) Then you have fruit juice from concentrate - apple, lemon, strawberry, orange  and  cherry. And Starburst  contain  less than 2 percent of citric acid, tapioca dextrin, gelatin, modified corn starch, natural and artificial flavors, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and food colorings.SnickersIf you can never seem to get enough of this chocolatey, caramel-filled candy, you’re actually not in the worst shape on this list. The first ingredient in Snickers in milk chocolate, which is comprised of sugar, cocoa butter, cho colate, skim milk, lactose, milkfat, soy lecithin and artificial flavor. Then you have corn syrup (sigh), peanuts, sugar, palm oil, skim milk, lactose, salt, egg whites, spice, natural and artificial flavors, and chili extract.Sour Patch KidsTo no one’s surprise, Sour Patch Kids are basically straight sugar with a zing of sourness thrown in for good measure. The first ingredient is sugar, followed by invert sugar (a mixture of glucose and fructose). Then you get corn syrup and modified corn starch for the candy’s structure. Tartaric acid and citric acid prove the sour factor, and then there’s natural and artificial flavors, along with a handful of food dyes.Hershey KissesHershey Kisses have the most simple ingredient list here, likely because the candy itself is fairly straightforward. The first ingredient is milk chocolate, which is made with sugar, milk, chocolate, cocoa butter, lactose, milkfat, soy lecithin and polyglycerol polyricinoleate (an emulsifier we mentioned earli er). The second and final ingredient is vanillin, which is an artificial flavor.Jelly Belly Jelly BeansReady for another sugar bomb? The first ingredient in Jelly Belly jelly beans is sugar, followed by glucose syrup and modified cornstarch. Then you have grape juice concentrate and fruit and vegetable  concentrates  - spirulina, pumpkin, carrot, black carrot  and  black currant. (But don’t be fooled into thinking that you’re reaping the nutritional benefits of veggies here.) They also use an acidity regulator and a bunch of flavorings, colorings and glazing agents. Sounds … natural?  If you’re tempted by the crispy crunch of Butterfinger, your teeth are in some trouble. The classic peanut-chocolate treat is made with corn syrup, sugar, ground roasted peanuts, hydrogenated palm kernel oil, cocoa  and  molasses. Then there’s less than 1 percent of “dairy product solids,” “confectioner’s corn flakes,” nonfat milk, salt, soy lecithin, soybean oil, cornstarch, natur al flavors, monoglycerides, freshness-preserving  tert-Butylhydroquinone (which is commonly used in microwave popcorn, butter and chicken nuggets), citric acid and annatto color. We’re not so tempted anymore…This article originally appeared on Swirled.You might also enjoy… New neuroscience reveals 4 rituals that will make you happy Strangers know your social class in the first seven words you say, study finds 10 lessons from Benjamin Franklin’s daily schedule that will double your productivity The worst mistakes you can make in an interview, according to 12 CEOs 10 habits of mentally strong people

How to Mail a Resume and Cover Letter

How to Mail a Resume and Cover Letter How to Mail a Resume and Cover Letter If youve never mailed a  resume  and its accompanying cover letter, you may be wondering how to do so correctly. With this guide for newcomers to the workforce, get the tips you need to make sure your materials arrive in the mail on time and looking professional. Even though most people  apply for jobs online  or via email, sometimes an employer will ask applicants to snail mail resumes and cover letters. Other times, job applicants who want to stand out from the crowd mail in their application materials to prospective employers to make sure their resumes and cover letters dont sit unread in a general email inbox. Even though the process of applying for jobs is becoming more digital by the day, it’s smart to cover your bases and send a snail mail application in addition to an emailed one, especially for local jobs with traditional storefronts. Should a Resume and Cover Letter be Stapled or Paper Clipped? Most employers will scan your resume into a database or copy and distribute it to any individuals who will be screening candidates. So, it’s not a good idea to staple your documents. It’s an extra step for the employer to remove the staple prior to scanning or copying. You don’t need to use a paper clip either, but you can. You can simply stack your documents in order with the cover letter on top, followed by the resume and then any  other materials  the employer has requested. If you want to be sure they remain in order, you can use a paper clip. Use Professional Stationery Resumes should be printed on a good-quality bond paper that’s either white or cream. Since you need to present yourself professionally, don’t use colored paper, fancy fonts, logos, or images on your cover letter, resume, or envelopes. Doublecheck to make sure that the documents print correctly â€" if the print is blurred; you’ll need to clean your printer heads or otherwise service it so that it produces clean text. If using manila envelopes, print address labels. If you choose to use a business size envelope, print the address on it cleanly. Do not handwrite the address, since this is business correspondence. Remember to Sign Your Cover Letter Don’t forget to sign your cover letter prior to mailing it. Your signature is a small way you can leave an impression on a potential employer. Also, signing the cover letter shows that youre a professional who understands the intricacies of the employment process. Mailing Resumes and Cover Letters When mailing your application materials, you can either use a manila envelope (9 X 12) or fold and place them in a business size envelope. A manila envelope is preferred because it will be easier to scan or copy your resume and letters if they havent been folded.   Rather than just sticking your application into a manila envelope, you can purchase a folder from an office supply store or even the school supply aisle of the grocery store. For just a few dollars, you can buy several folders in different colors. If you want to be an even more competitive job candidate, buy a folder that holds business cards and include yours in the designated spot. Youll likely have to go to an office supply store for such a folder or else order a bundle online.   If you dont have  business cards, order some. Theyre relatively inexpensive. You may be wondering what to put on your business card if youre out of work, but even if youre not on staff at a particular company, the business card can include your name, email address, cell phone number, and your preferred title, such as consultant, writer, artist, attorney, educator or accountant.   If youre looking for work, you may not be thrilled about the prospect of spending money on a job application, but sometimes you have to spend money to make money. Wrapping Up When youve presented your application materials in the most suitable way possible, put them in your envelope and be sure to add enough postage. You may want to go directly to the post office and have your envelope weighed to guarantee that theres enough. And if theres an application deadline for the job youre seeking, mail your materials early to give your application plenty of time to arrive.

Shock study Everything you knew about white meats and cholesterol is wrong

Shock study Everything you knew about white meats and cholesterol is wrong Shock study Everything you knew about white meats and cholesterol is wrong The long thought idea that eating white meat is better for you than eating red meat isn’t actually true, according to a recent study.While popular belief mistaken labeled red meat as increasing your chances of heart disease and the government encouraging other meat alternatives, a new study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that both red and white meats do equal damage to your cholesterol, a factor that leads to heart disease. Needless to say, researchers were shocked by the findings.Follow Ladders on Flipboard!Follow Ladders’ magazines on Flipboard covering Happiness, Productivity, Job Satisfaction, Neuroscience, and more!“When we planned this study, we expected red meat to have a more adverse effect on blood cholesterol levels than white meat, but we were surprised that this was not the case - their effects on cholesterol are identical when saturated fat levels are equivalent,” said the study’s senior author Ronald Krauss.The study had 113 adu lts assigned to three random diets for a month. Those diets were either focused on lean cuts of beef, lean cuts of chicken or turkey, with others on plant proteins. Following the month trial, each participant was assigned a different diet and wound up trying out all three. Their blood was tested based on cholesterol levels.Researchers determined that both red and white types of meat are equally as bad for you. They suggested trying to cut down on meats or eliminating them altogether and focus on plant-based proteins. Krauss recommended  nonmeat proteins such as vegetables, dairy, and legumes.“Our results indicate that current advice to restrict red meat and not white meat should not be based only on their effects on blood cholesterol,” Krauss said. “Indeed, other effects of red meat consumption could contribute to heart disease, and these effects should be explored in more detail in an effort to improve health.”You might also enjoy… New neuroscience reveals 4 rituals that will make you happy Strangers know your social class in the first seven words you say, study finds 10 lessons from Benjamin Franklin’s daily schedule that will double your productivity The worst mistakes you can make in an interview, according to 12 CEOs 10 habits of mentally strong people

An Ocean of Promise

An Ocean of Promise An Ocean of Promise An Ocean of Promise On a sunny day last November, Paul Rich stood in a conference room on the site of what had once been the worlds largest steel plant, addressing representatives of companies that could make or break the offshore wind industry in the United States. Rich knew that the first offshore wind turbines in U.S. history would soon begin generating electricity, feeding 30 MW of electricity to Block Island, R.I., a small community about 14 miles east of Long Islands eastern tip. After years of false starts for the U.S. offshore wind industry, getting the first wind farm built and working was a watershed moment. But Rich was already thinking biggermuch bigger. Richs company, U.S. Wind, is owned by a subsidiary of the Toto Holding Group, an Italian large infrastructure construction company. It has made big strides toward building the first utility-scale wind farm in the United States. Richs team plans to build a forest of up to 187 turbines, starting 15 miles off the coast of Ocean City, Md. The wind farm will ultimately cover 125 square miles and deliver 750 MW of electricity to the gridenough to power 500,000 homes. Deepwater Winds Paul Murphy beams after leading efforts to build the Block Island Wind Farm. As U.S. Winds director of project development, Rich is in charge of getting the wind farm built. But he doesnt want to stop there. He wants to build an industry. For that, he needs a functioning supply chain. Without local manufacturing capacity, theres no real incentive to build offshore wind, said Keegan Kruger, a global offshore wind analyst at Bloomberg New Energy Finance. In the United States, however, a supply chain for offshore wind is nowhere to be found. Rich wants to create one. For that reason, he had invited major offshore wind vendors, including leading manufacturers of wind turbines and specialized underwater electrical cables, as well as shipbuilders, steel companies, and marine-services companies, to a meeting in Maryland. About 30 people made the trip to the 3,100-acre Sparrows Point site, the former home of a sprawling Bethlehem Steel plant. A company called Tradepoint Atlantic had purchased the site, renamed it after itself, and was redeveloping it into an ultramodern logistics park accessible by road, rail, and ship. In a conference room in Tradepoint Atlantics marketing center, Rich told the attendees that as a former steel plant, the site was perfect for manufacturing heavy offshore wind turbine parts, including 250-ton foundations and 500-ton sections of turbine towernot just for Maryland, but for the entire East Coast. It also came equipped with a 750-foot pier with a 40-foot-draft harbor. This, he said, made it ideal for the specialized deep-draft vessels called liftboats that carry the massive nacelles, tower sections, and turbine blades out to sea. Establishing an offshore wind supply chain would do more than launch an industry. It could also spur development of better ways to manufacture turbine parts, ship them to sea, assemble them, and maintain them. This could create jobs for engineers of all stripes, including civil, electrical, and mechanical engineers. The opportunities for engineers across the board are endless, said Elizabeth Burdock, executive director of the Business Network for Offshore Wind. Endless, that is, if the industry can get off the ground. Block Island Breakthrough Since the worlds first commercial offshore wind turbines began spinning off the coast of Vindeby, Denmark, in 1991, the European offshore wind industry has evolved into a juggernaut. Today, the seas off the coast of Europe are home to 3,600 offshore wind turbines90 percent of the worlds total. Those turbines have a total nameplate capacity of 12.6 GW, as much as 15 coal-fired power plants, and the Europes offshore wind industry supports 58,000 jobs, according to data collected by the European Wind Energy Association. Whats more, the entire industry continues to grow. Last year global capital spending commitments on offshore wind reached $29.9 billion, up 40 percent from 2015, according to research by Bloomberg New Energy Finance. The U.S. Department of Energy estimates that the United States has 404 GW of offshore wind power capacityenough, in theory, to generate all the electricity currently consumed nationwide. But development of the first proposed major offshore wind farm, the Cape Wind project off the coast of Massachusetts, ground to a halt in 2015. Cape Winds developers had gone big, planning a 131-turbine array across Nantucket Sound, and a coalition of wealthy local residents sued, in part to keep the wind farm from intruding on their ocean views. Ultimately, local utilities backed out of their power purchasing agreements, and financing for the project dried up. In contrast, the Block Island wind farms developers, Providence, R.I.-based Deepwater Wind, went small from the start. The company focused on an island community whose 1,000 residents relied on expensive electricity from diesel-based generators. Offshore wind, which produced significantly more expensive electricity than onshore wind, solar, or natural gas, was cheap by comparison. The company spent several years navigating a maze of regulatory hurdles, gaining approvals one by one from more than 20 federal, state, and local government agencies. Obtaining the turbine components was no easy task, either. Workers deploy a magnetometer to map underwater topography and help U.S. Wind site its turbines. Photo: Alpine Ocean Company Offshore turbine components, including components of the five 6 MW GE Haliade turbines used at the Block Island wind farm, are manufactured in Europe to be close to the flourishing market there. This meant that Deepwater Wind had to import all of them. For instance, the 600-ton nacelles, which sit atop 150-meter towers and contain the equipment that generates electricity, needed to be fabricated at a GE factory in France. To transport the nacelles from France to Rhode Island, Deepwater Wind hired a specially constructed vessel called a liftboat from a Norwegian firm called Fred. Olsen Windcarrier. Liftboats are designed to sink long legs to the sea floor, then jack the boat out of the water to create a platform stable enough for a large crane to operate. Separately, the 27-ton turbine blades15 in allwere manufactured in Denmark and transported by special trailer to a Spanish port for transport across the Atlantic. Assembly Required Assembling the turbines was also challenging, and the lack of local expertise didnt help. Onshore, you rent a crane, drive it out to the site, and you move the turbine, Paul Murphy, Deepwater Winds lead engineer, said. Offshore, you need a liftboat. Since liftboats in the U.S. are primarily used to construct and maintain oil and gas platforms, they are generally based in the Gulf of Mexico rather than the East Coast. For that reason, in July 2015 Deepwater Wind called Joseph A. Orgeron, chief technology officer of a Louisiana firm called Montco that builds and operates liftboats. The turbine towers are anchored by a four-pile jacketa steel lattice foundation that needs to be nailed 200 feet into the sea floor with heavy steel piles. The first firm Deepwater hired struggled to do that from a floating barge, so it called Orgeron, who sent Montcos biggest liftboat, the L/B Robert. The liftboat traveled two weeks from the Gulf to the work site, which was three miles off the coast of Block Island. There, it inserted the foundations piles, affixed a giant hydraulic hammer to a deck-mounted crane, and hammered the piles into the sea floor. A federal law called the Jones Act prohibits foreign-built or foreign-flagged vessels like the Maltese-flagged Brave Tern from transporting cargo between two points in the United States. To avoid violating that law, Deepwater Wind later hired two of Montcos smaller liftboats, which were U.S.-flagged, to deliver the turbine towers and blades from a dock in Providence to the work site. On one of the liftboats, Montco had to design and custom-build a box-beam cantilever and a carrier to transport the three blades, each as long as a football field, that attach to each turbine. Ultimately, the Brave Tern and the three Montco liftboats assembled the five turbines. After four months of testing, the first commercial U.S. wind farm began spinning in mid-December 2016, generating up to 30 MW of electricity to power the homes of Block Islands 17,000 residents. Now that theyve got steel in the water and turbines installed and generating electricity, it changes the landscape, Orgeron said. But theres still no U.S.-based supply chain, so its still not enough to build an industry. Making Markets During the Obama administration, the Federal government pushed policies friendly to offshore wind, most notably by empowering the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, a division of the U.S. Department of the Interior, to begin leasing tracts of U.S. coastal ocean to wind-farm developers. But in spite of the support, wind farms were not being built. In 2014, Stephanie McClellan, director of the Special Initiative on Offshore Wind at the University of Delaware in Newark, launched an investigation to find out what was holding the U.S. offshore wind industry back. States, she found, were dragging their feet. State policymakers were saying, This is really expensive and we dont know what to do, McClellan said. ;custompagebreak; After investigating conditions in the industry in Europe and the United States, McClellan and her colleagues reported in early 2015 that states that put in place policies to reduce the cost and financial risk of building an offshore wind farm could slash project financing costs and ultimately cut the levelized cost of electricity by 50 percent. Since the report came out, state policies have finally begun to shift. Last year Massachusetts Governor Charlie Baker, a Republican, signed legislation requiring the states utilities to buy a total of 1.6 GW offshore wind capacity by 2027. New York State, for its part, has committed to obtaining 2.4 GWthe output of three large coal-fired power plantsof offshore wind power capacity by 2030. In January, at the urging of Governor Andrew Cuomo, the Long Island Power Authority approved Deepwater Winds plan to build a 90 MW wind farm 30 miles off the eastern tip of Long Island. By guaranteeing large and sustained markets for offshore wind, policies like these can entice large turbine vendors, blade manufacturers, and other major offshore wind vendors to bid on more U.S. projects, McClellan said. Going Local As the offshore wind power industry grows, costs continue to fall, in part because engineers in the industry are developing better and cheaper technologies. For example, offshore turbines have been getting larger and more efficient, enabling them to produce more electricityand revenueper turbine, while also lowering both construction costs and operation and maintenance costs. The L/B Robert (left) helps install a steellattice turbine foundation near Block Island. Photo: Stacy Tingley Turbines that produce 5 MW of electricity were standard just five years ago. Block Islands turbines produce 6 MW, and 8 MW turbines are already being installed commercially in Europe. In December 2016, a 9 MW turbine from MHI Vestas Offshore set a world record by producing 216,000 kilowatt-hours of electricity in 24 hoursenough to meet the daily demand of 7,300 average American homes. Offshore substations are also getting smaller and cheaper. Substations funnel electricity from individual turbines into transmission cable connected to shore. Early offshore substations were designed like their counterparts on land, complete with diesel generators, a room for the operator, and even a helicopter landing pad. Siemens got rid of all that to create a one-story, 700-ton platform with a single, air-cooled transformer that can be mounted on the same foundation as a wind turbine. The smaller substation can cut grid-connection costs by tens of millions of dollars. Meanwhile, experience and better logistics are making the European offshore wind supply chain more efficient. And the financing costs of wind farms, which can run in the hundreds of millions of dollars, have dropped over the last five years as project financiers get an adequate grip on the risk associated with construction, said Bloombergs Kruger. As costs tumble, Paul Rich and his colleagues at U.S. Wind are stepping up their effort to launch the industry in Maryland. Theyre working to lure supply-chain companies to Tradepoint Atlantic so they can turn to local sources for turbine components and vessels, and ship the massive components to sea right from the sites waterfront. To manufacture wind-turbine tower sections, for example, we can get flat steel from Pittsburgh brought in, Rich said. We can get a manufacturer here to roll it into tubular forms, weld it, paint it, coat it, and put on all the accessories. Ultimately, Rich said, Tradepoint Atlantic could make Baltimore a national offshore-wind center like Esbjerg, Denmark, which shipped more than 65 percent of the wind turbines manufactured in that country in 2015, thanks to its deep-water port, specialized turbine-assembly, shipping facilities, and resident offshore companies that share expertise. Baltimore will be a vibrant steel manufacturing and hopefully turbine manufacturing center with government-funded RD facilities, and it will serve the entire East Coast, Rich said. A thriving offshore wind industry will also demand engineering expertise. Engineers will need to ensure that the installation process minimizes lift-boat time, which can cost $250,000 a day. Innovations are also needed to ensure gears fit, turbines swivel properly, turbine blades adjust to catch the wind, and more. I see offshore wind rapidly advancing on an industrial scale, Rich said. Meanwhile, were ready to put people to work right now. ME Dan Ferber is a senior editor at Mechanical Engineering magazine.